codecrafters-io/build-your-own-x

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Master programming by recreating your favorite technologies from scratch. Build your own <insert-technology-here> This repository is a compilation of well-written, step-by-step guides for re-creating our favorite technologies from scratch. What I cannot create, I do not understand — Richard Feynman. It's a great way to learn. 3D Renderer AI Model Augmented Reality BitTorrent Client Blockchain / Cryptocurrency Bot Command-Line Tool Database Docker Emulator / Virtual Machine Front-end Framework / Library Game Git Memory Allocator Network Stack Neural Network Operating System Physics Engine Processor Programming Language Regex Engine Search Engine Shell Template Engine Text Editor Visual Recognition System Voxel Engine Web Browser Web Server Uncategorized Tutorials Build your own Distributed Systems Java: Building Your Own Kafka-like System From Scratch: A Step-by-Step Guide Build your own 3D Renderer C++: Introduction to Ray Tracing: a Simple Method for Creating 3D Images C++: How OpenGL works: software rendering in 500 lines of code C++: Raycasting engine of Wolfenstein 3D C++: Physically Based Rendering:From Theory To Implementation C++: Ray Tracing in One Weekend C++: Rasterization: a Practical Implementation C# / TypeScript / JavaScript: Learning how to write a 3D soft engine from scratch in C#, TypeScript or JavaScript Java / JavaScript: Build your own 3D renderer Java: How to create your own simple 3D render engine in pure Java JavaScript / Pseudocode: Computer Graphics from scratch Python: A 3D Modeller Build your own AI Model Python: A Large Language Model (LLM) Python: Diffusion Models for Image Generation Python: RAG for Document Search Build your own Augmented Reality C#: How To: Augmented Reality App Tutorial for Beginners with Vuforia and Unity 3D [video] C#: How To Unity ARCore [video] C#: AR Portal Tutorial with Unity [video] C#: How to create a Dragon in Augmented Reality in Unity ARCore [video] C#: How to Augmented Reality AR Tutorial: ARKit Portal to the Upside Down [video] Python: Augmented Reality with Python and OpenCV Build your own BitTorrent Client C#: Building a BitTorrent client from scratch in C# Go: Building a BitTorrent client from the ground up in Go Nim: Writing a Bencode Parser Node.js: Write your own bittorrent client Python: A BitTorrent client in Python 3.5 Build your own Blockchain / Cryptocurrency ATS: Functional Blockchain Crystal: Write your own blockchain and PoW algorithm using Crystal Go: Building Blockchain in Go Go: Code your own blockchain in less than 200 lines of Go Java: Creating Your First Blockchain with Java JavaScript: A cryptocurrency implementation in less than 1500 lines of code JavaScript: Build your own Blockchain in JavaScript JavaScript: Learn & Build a JavaScript Blockchain JavaScript: Creating a blockchain with JavaScript JavaScript: How To Launch Your Own Production-Ready Cryptocurrency JavaScript: Writing a Blockchain in Node.js Kotlin: Let’s implement a cryptocurrency in Kotlin Python: Learn Blockchains by Building One Python: Build your own blockchain: a Python tutorial Python: A Practical Introduction to Blockchain with Python Python: Let’s Build the Tiniest Blockchain Ruby: Programming Blockchains Step-by-Step (Manuscripts Book Edition) Scala: How to build a simple actor-based blockchain TypeScript: Naivecoin: a tutorial for building a cryptocurrency TypeScript: NaivecoinStake: a tutorial for building a cryptocurrency with the Proof of Stake consensus Rust: Building A Blockchain in Rust & Substrate Build your own Bot Haskell: Roll your own IRC bot Node.js: Creating a Simple Facebook Messenger AI Bot with API.ai in Node.js Node.js: How to make a responsive telegram bot Node.js: Create a Discord bot Node.js: gifbot - Building a GitHub App Node.js: Building A Simple AI Chatbot With Web Speech API And Node.js Python: How to Build Your First Slack Bot with Python Python: How to build a Slack Bot with Python using Slack Events API & Django under 20 minute Python: Build a Reddit Bot Python: How To Make A Reddit Bot [video] Python: How To Create a Telegram Bot Using Python Python: Create a Twitter Bot in Python Using Tweepy Python: Creating Reddit Bot with Python & PRAW [video] R: Build A Cryptocurrency Trading Bot with R Rust: A bot for Starcraft in Rust, C or any other language Build your own Command-Line Tool Go: Visualize your local git contributions with Go Go: Build a command line app with Go: lolcat Go: Building a cli command with Go: cowsay Go: Go CLI tutorial: fortune clone Nim: Writing a stow alternative to manage dotfiles Node.js: Create a CLI tool in Javascript Rust: Command line apps in Rust Rust: Writing a Command Line Tool in Rust Zig: Build Your Own CLI App in Zig from Scratch Build your own Database C: Let's Build a Simple Database C++: Build Your Own Redis from Scratch C#: Build Your Own Database Clojure: An Archaeology-Inspired Database Crystal: Why you should build your own NoSQL Database Go: Build Your Own Database from Scratch: From B+Tree To SQL in 3000 Lines Go: Code a database in 45 steps: a series of test-driven small coding puzzles Go: Build Your Own Redis from Scratch JavaScript: Dagoba: an in-memory graph database Python: DBDB: Dog Bed Database Python: Write your own miniature Redis with Python Ruby: Build your own fast, persistent KV store in Ruby Rust: Build your own Redis client and server Build your own Docker C: Linux containers in 500 lines of code Go: Build Your Own Container Using Less than 100 Lines of Go Go: Building a container from scratch in Go [video] Python: A workshop on Linux containers: Rebuild Docker from Scratch Python: A proof-of-concept imitation of Docker, written in 100% Python Shell: Docker implemented in around 100 lines of bash Build your own Emulator / Virtual Machine C: Home-grown bytecode interpreters C: Virtual machine in C C: Write your Own Virtual Machine C: Writing a Game Boy emulator, Cinoop C++: How to write an emulator (CHIP-8 interpreter) C++: Emulation tutorial (CHIP-8 interpreter) C++: Emulation tutorial (GameBoy emulator) C++: Emulation tutorial (Master System emulator) C++: NES Emulator From Scratch [video] Common Lisp: CHIP-8 in Common Lisp JavaScript: GameBoy Emulation in JavaScript Python: Emulation Basics: Write your own Chip 8 Emulator/Interpreter Rust: 0dmg: Learning Rust by building a partial Game Boy emulator Build your own Front-end Framework / Library JavaScript: WTF is JSX (Let's Build a JSX Renderer) JavaScript: A DIY guide to build your own React JavaScript: Building React From Scratch [video] JavaScript: Gooact: React in 160 lines of JavaScript JavaScript: Learn how React Reconciler package works by building your own lightweight React DOM JavaScript: Build Yourself a Redux JavaScript: Let’s Write Redux! JavaScript: Redux: Implementing Store from Scratch [video] JavaScript: Build Your own Simplified AngularJS in 200 Lines of JavaScript JavaScript: Make Your Own AngularJS JavaScript: How to write your own Virtual DOM JavaScript: Building a frontend framework, from scratch, with components (templating, state, VDOM) JavaScript: Build your own React JavaScript: Building a Custom React Renderer [video] Build your own Game C: Handmade Hero C: How to Program an NES game in C C: Chess Engine In C [video] C: Let's Make: Dangerous Dave [video] C: Learn Video Game Programming in C [video] C: Coding A Sudoku Solver in C [video] C: Coding a Rogue/Nethack RPG in C [video] C: On Tetris and Reimplementation C++: Breakout C++: Beginning Game Programming v2.0 C++: Tetris tutorial in C++ platform independent focused in game logic for beginners C++: Remaking Cavestory in C++ [video] C++: Reconstructing Cave Story [video] C++: Space Invaders from Scratch C#: Learn C# by Building a Simple RPG C#: Creating a Roguelike Game in C# C#: Build a C#/WPF RPG Go: Games With Go [video] Java: Code a 2D Game Engine using Java - Full Course for Beginners [video] Java: 3D Game Development with LWJGL 3 JavaScript: 2D breakout game using Phaser JavaScript: How to Make Flappy Bird in HTML5 With Phaser JavaScript: Developing Games with React, Redux, and SVG JavaScript: Build your own 8-Ball Pool game from scratch [video] JavaScript: How to Make Your First Roguelike JavaScript: Think like a programmer: How to build Snake using only JavaScript, HTML & CSS Lua: BYTEPATH Python: Developing Games With PyGame Python: Making Games with Python & Pygame [pdf] Python: Roguelike Tutorial Revised Ruby: Developing Games With Ruby Ruby: Ruby Snake Rust: Adventures in Rust: A Basic 2D Game Rust: Roguelike Tutorial in Rust + tcod Build your own Git Haskell: Reimplementing “git clone” in Haskell from the bottom up JavaScript: Gitlet JavaScript: Build GIT - Learn GIT Python: Just enough of a Git client to create a repo, commit, and push itself to GitHub Python: Write yourself a Git! Python: ugit: Learn Git Internals by Building Git Yourself Ruby: Rebuilding Git in Ruby Build your own Memory Allocator C: Malloc is not magic -- Implementing your own memory allocator Build your own Network Stack C: Beej's Guide to Network Programming C: Let's code a TCP/IP stack C / Python: Build your own VPN/Virtual Switch Ruby: How to build a network stack in Ruby Build your own Neural Network C#: Neural Network OCR F#: Building Neural Networks in F#: Part 1 F#: Building Neural Networks in F#: Part 2 Go: Build a multilayer perceptron with Golang Go: How to build a simple artificial neural network with Go Go: Building a Neural Net from Scratch in Go JavaScript / Java: Neural Networks - The Nature of Code [video] JavaScript: Neural networks from scratch for JavaScript linguists (Part1 — The Perceptron) Python: A Neural Network in 11 lines of Python Python: Build Deep Learning From Scratch (reimplement PyTorch internals across 34 stages) Python: Implement a Neural Network from Scratch Python: Optical Character Recognition (OCR) Python: Traffic signs classification with a convolutional network Python: Generate Music using LSTM Neural Network in Keras Python: An Introduction to Convolutional Neural Networks Python: Neural Networks: Zero to Hero Python: SlowTorch: Implementation of PyTorch from the ground up in 100% pure Python Build your own Operating System Assembly: Writing a Tiny x86 Bootloader Assembly: Baking Pi – Operating Systems Development C: Building a software and hardware stack for a simple computer from scratch [video] C: Operating Systems: From 0 to 1 C: The little book about OS development C: Roll your own toy UNIX-clone OS C: Kernel 101 – Let’s write a Kernel C: Kernel 201 – Let’s write a Kernel with keyboard and screen support C: Build a minimal multi-tasking kernel for ARM from scratch C: How to create an OS from scratch C: Malloc tutorial C: Hack the virtual memory C: Learning operating system development using Linux kernel and Raspberry Pi C: Operating systems development for Dummies C++: Write your own Operating System [video] C++: Writing a Bootloader Rust: Writing an OS in Rust Rust: Add RISC-V Rust Operating System Tutorial (any): Linux from scratch Build your own Physics Engine C: Video Game Physics Tutorial C++: Game physics series by Allen Chou C++: How to Create a Custom Physics Engine C++: 3D Physics Engine Tutorial [video] JavaScript: How Physics Engines Work JavaScript: Broad Phase Collision Detection Using Spatial Partitioning JavaScript: Build a simple 2D physics engine for JavaScript games Build your own Processor Verilog: From Blinker to RISC-V Build your own Programming Language (any): mal - Make a Lisp Assembly: Jonesforth C: Baby's First Garbage Collector C: Build Your Own Lisp: Learn C and build your own programming language in 1000 lines of code C: Writing a Simple Garbage Collector in C C: C interpreter that interprets itself. C: A C & x86 version of the "Let's Build a Compiler" by Jack Crenshaw C: A journey explaining how to build a compiler from scratch C++: Writing Your Own Toy Compiler Using Flex C++: How to Create a Compiler [video] C++: Kaleidoscope: Implementing a Language with LLVM F#: Understanding Parser Combinators Elixir: Demystifying compilers by writing your own [video] Go: The Super Tiny Compiler Go: Lexical Scanning in Go [video] Haskell: Let's Build a Compiler Haskell: Write You a Haskell Haskell: Write Yourself a Scheme in 48 Hours Haskell: Write You A Scheme Java: Crafting interpreters: A handbook for making programming languages Java: Creating JVM Language JavaScript: The Super Tiny Compiler JavaScript: The Super Tiny Interpreter JavaScript: Little Lisp interpreter JavaScript: How to implement a programming language in JavaScript JavaScript: Let’s go write a Lisp OCaml: Writing a C Compiler OCaml: Writing a Lisp, the series Pascal: Let's Build a Compiler Python: A Python Interpreter Written in Python Python: lisp.py: Make your own Lisp interpreter Python: How to Write a Lisp Interpreter in Python Python: Let’s Build A Simple Interpreter Python: Make Your Own Simple Interpreted Programming Language [video] Python: From Source Code To Machine Code: Build Your Own Compiler From Scratch Racket: Beautiful Racket: How to make your own programming languages with Racket Ruby: A Compiler From Scratch Ruby: Markdown compiler from scratch in Ruby Rust: Learning Parser Combinators With Rust Swift: Building a LISP from scratch with Swift TypeScript: Build your own WebAssembly Compiler Build your own Regex Engine C: A Regular Expression Matcher C: Regular Expression Matching Can Be Simple And Fast Go: How to build a regex engine from scratch JavaScript: Build a Regex Engine in Less than 40 Lines of Code JavaScript: How to implement regular expressions in functional javascript using derivatives JavaScript: Implementing a Regular Expression Engine Perl: How Regexes Work Python: Build Your Own Regular Expression Engines: Backtracking, NFA, DFA Scala: No Magic: Regular Expressions Build your own Search Engine CSS: A search engine in CSS Python: Building a search engine using Redis and redis-py Python: Building a Vector Space Indexing Engine in Python Python: Building A Python-Based Search Engine [video] Python: Making text search learn from feedback Python: Finding Important Words in Text Using TF-IDF Build your own Shell C: Tutorial - Write a Shell in C C: Let's build a shell! C: Writing a UNIX Shell C: Build Your Own Shell C: Write a shell in C Go: Writing a simple shell in Go Rust: Build Your Own Shell using Rust Build your own Template Engine JavaScript: JavaScript template engine in just 20 lines JavaScript: Understanding JavaScript Micro-Templating Python: Approach: Building a toy template engine in Python Python: A Template Engine Ruby: How to write a template engine in less than 30 lines of code Build your own Text Editor C: Build Your Own Text Editor C++: Designing a Simple Text Editor Python: Python Tutorial: Make Your Own Text Editor [video] Python: Create a Simple Python Text Editor! Ruby: Build a Collaborative Text Editor Using Rails Rust: Hecto: Build your own text editor in Rust Build your own Visual Recognition System Python: Developing a License Plate Recognition System with Machine Learning in Python Python: Building a Facial Recognition Pipeline with Deep Learning in Tensorflow Build your own Voxel Engine C++: Let's Make a Voxel Engine Build your own Web Browser Rust: Let's build a browser engine Python: Browser Engineering Build your own Web Server C#: Writing a Web Server from Scratch Node.js: Build Your Own Web Server From Scratch In JavaScript Node.js: Let's code a web server from scratch with NodeJS Streams Node.js: lets-build-express PHP: Writing a webserver in pure PHP Python: A Simple Web Server Python: Let’s Build A Web Server. Python: Web application from scratch Python: Building a basic HTTP Server from scratch in Python Python: Implementing a RESTful Web API with Python & Flask Ruby: Building a simple websockets server from scratch in Ruby Uncategorized (any): From NAND to Tetris: Building a Modern Computer From First Principles (any): build-your-own-x-vibe-coding: BYOX-style tutorials adapted for vibe coding Alloy: The Same-Origin Policy C: How to Write a Video Player in Less Than 1000 Lines C: Learn how to write a hash table in C C: The very basics of a terminal emulator C: Write a System Call C: Sol - An MQTT broker from scratch C++: Build your own VR headset for $200 C++: How X Window Managers work and how to write one C++: Writing a Linux Debugger C++: How a 64k intro is made C++: Make your own Game Engine C#: C# Networking: Create a TCP chater server, TCP games, UDP Pong and more C#: Loading and rendering 3D skeletal animations from scratch in C# and GLSL Clojure: Building a spell-checker Go: Build A Simple Terminal Emulator In 100 Lines of Golang Go: Let's Create a Simple Load Balancer Go: Video Encoding from Scratch Java: How to Build an Android Reddit App [video] JavaScript: Build Your Own Module Bundler - Minipack JavaScript: Learn JavaScript Promises by Building a Promise from Scratch JavaScript: Implementing promises from scratch (TDD way) JavaScript: Implement your own — call(), apply() and bind() method in JavaScript JavaScript: JavaScript Algorithms and Data Structures JavaScript: Build a ride hailing app with React Native JavaScript: Build Your Own AdBlocker in (Literally) 10 Minutes Kotlin: Build Your Own Cache Lua: Building a CDN from Scratch to Learn about CDN Nim: Writing a Redis Protocol Parser Nim: Writing a Build system Nim: Writing a MiniTest Framework Nim: Writing a DMIDecode Parser Nim: Writing a INI Parser Nim: Writing a Link Checker Nim: Writing a URL Shortening Service Node.js: Build a static site generator in 40 lines with Node.js Node.js: Building A Simple Single Sign On(SSO) Server And Solution From Scratch In Node.js. Node.js: How to create a real-world Node CLI app with Node Node.js: Build a DNS Server in Node.js Node.js: Build a Synchronization Engine with Node.js and Y.js PHP: Write your own MVC from scratch in PHP PHP: Make your own blog PHP: Modern PHP Without a Framework PHP: Code a Web Search Engine in PHP Python: Build a Deep Learning Library [video] Python: How to Build a Kick-Ass Mobile Document Scanner in Just 5 Minutes Python: Continuous Integration System Python: Recommender Systems in Python: Beginner Tutorial Python: Write SMS-spam detector with Scikit-learn Python: A Simple Content-Based Recommendation Engine in Python Python: Stock Market Predictions with LSTM in Python Python: Building a simple Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) using Tensorflow Python: Learn ML Algorithms by coding: Decision Trees Python: JSON Decoding Algorithm Python: Build your own Git plugin with python Ruby: A Pedometer in the Real World Ruby: Creating a Linux Desktop application with Ruby Rust: Building a DNS server in Rust Rust: Writing Scalable Chat Service from Scratch Rust: WebGL + Rust: Basic Water Tutorial TypeScript: Tiny Package Manager: Learns how npm or Yarn works Contribute Submissions welcome, just send a PR, or create an issue Help us review pending submissions by leaving comments and "reactions" Origins & License This repository is the work of many contributors. It was started by Daniel Stefanovic, and is now maintained by CodeCrafters, Inc. To the extent possible under law, CodeCrafters, Inc. has waived all copyright and related or neighboring rights to this work.